作者:北京大学人民医院 陈卓 李原 王茜
病史及检查目的:
检查所见:
最终临床诊断与随访:
病例相关知识及解析:
近年来,PET/CT逐步应用于感染及炎症疾病的诊断中,其在系统性血管炎诊治中的作用也开始被认识[3,4]。早期PAN症状不典型,多以发热待查为主诉就诊,PET/CT显像首先有助于除外恶性肿瘤及局灶性感染,同时其下肢中小动脉受累的PET征象具有典型的影像特征,可直接达到病因学诊断。文献中报道PAN亦可累及如肾动脉[5]、冠状动脉等中小动脉,在影像观察中应当留意有无异常。
应当注意的是,此病例PET/CT显像方案与常规显像方案不同,首先采取了全身显像的采集范围,对于发热伴下肢症状患者,我们应想到系统性血管炎的可能性,全面采集图像有助于与炎性肌病、风湿性多肌痛、类风湿关节炎或其他类型系统性血管炎等临床表现类似的风湿病相鉴别,常规仅扫描到大腿中段的肿瘤PET显像范围则可能造成漏诊;其次,延后了采集时间,因为血管FDG摄取程度与采集时间相关[6],故对于怀疑系统性血管炎的患者应延后采集时间(建议注射后90-120min再采集),必要时加做延迟显像[3]。此外,本病例通过随访PET/CT显像再次证实了FDG PET/CT显像除早期诊断外,亦对系统性血管炎的炎症活动性评估具有帮助。
参考文献:
1. Jennette JC , Falk RJ, Bacon PA, et al.2012 revised Internetional Chapel Hill Consensus Conference Nomenclature of Vasculitides. Arthritis Rheum. 2013;65(1):1-11.
2. Lightfoot RW Jr, Michel BA, Bloch DA, et al. The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of polyarteritis nodosa.Arthritis Rheum. 1990;33(8):1088-1093.
3. Li Y, Wang Q, Wang X, et al. Expert Consensus on clinical application of FDG PET/CT in infection and inflammation. Ann Nucl Med. 2020; Publish ahead of print. doi: 10.1007/s12149-020-01449-8.
4. Jamar F, Buscombe J, Chiti A, et al. EANM/SNMMI guideline for 18F-FDG use in inflammation an infection. J Nucl Med. 2013; 54(4):647-658.
5. Mino N, Yamashita H, Takahashi Y, et al. Polyarteritis Nodosa With Reversible FDG Accumulation in Vessels and Kidneys. Clin Nucl Med. 2019;44(11):889-891.
6. Slart RHJA, Writing group, Reviewer group, et al. FDG-PET/CT(A) imaging in large vessel vasculitis and polymyalgia rheumatica: joint procedural recommendation of the EANM, SNMMI, and the PET Interest Group (PIG), and endorsed by the ASNC. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2018;45(7):1250-1269.